The key to constructing a new power system with new energy as the main body is to improve the flexibility of the system. As an important regulation resource, energy storage plays an important role in promoting a high proportion of new energy consumption, ensuring the safe supply of power, and improving the operating efficiency of the power system. The development of energy storage should be coordinated and promoted according to the characteristics of various types of energy storage and the operation requirements of the new power system.
Energy storage helps build a safe and efficient new power system
Helps to improve the level of new energy consumption and realize low-carbon development. The basic connotation of constructing a new power system is to reconstruct the energy production, supply, storage and marketing system, and realize the transformation and upgrading of the energy structure from fossil energy as the mainstay to new energy as the mainstay. Compared with fossil energy, new energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaics are unstable power sources that "see the sky for food". Energy storage can effectively solve the problem of time and space mismatch between new energy output and electricity load, and achieve full consumption and utilization of new energy.
Helps to enhance the flexibility of the system and improve the safety level of the new power system. The new power system with new energy as the main body presents the obvious "double high" characteristics of high proportion of renewable energy access and high proportion of power electronic equipment application. Under the constraints of carbon peak and carbon neutrality targets, the scale of development of traditional regulated power sources such as coal power is limited, and the flexibility of the future power system will not be able to meet the operation requirements of large-scale grid connection of new energy. Flexible charging and discharging of energy storage can not only effectively improve the system's regulation capability, but also provide frequency and voltage support for the system, improve power quality, and improve the safety and stability of the new power system.
Diversified application scenarios to improve the operating efficiency of new power systems. On the power source side, energy storage can improve the level of new energy consumption through coordinated optimization of operation; on the grid side, energy storage can improve the power supply capacity of the grid, delay or replace grid investment; on the user side, energy storage can be deeply integrated with new power terminals. Form a new energy consumption pattern that integrates production and sales and uses smart energy to improve system operation efficiency.
Develop energy storage with different functional positioning on different time scales
The core of building a new power system is how to achieve and ensure the balance of power and electricity on different time scales after new energy becomes the main power source. The key is to coordinate the development of energy storage with different functional positioning.
Electrochemical energy storage has the characteristics of fast response and flexible layout. The continuous discharge time is minutes to hours. The charge and discharge conversion is relatively flexible. It can quickly absorb and release power. It can effectively support node voltages and smooth system frequency fluctuations. The new energy output is transformed into a stable power supply, which is suitable for ultra-short cycle (millisecond to second level) and short cycle (minute to hour level) frequency and voltage regulation scenarios. Electrochemical energy storage mainly solves the problem of volatility of new energy sources, and plays an important role in frequency control, improvement of power quality, and consumption of renewable energy.
Pumped storage has a large-scale energy throughput capacity, with a discharge time of hours and above, and has long-term (intra-day and multi-day) grid peak shaving and power balance capabilities. Pumped storage mainly solves the intermittent problem of new energy, and plays a significant role in improving the system's peak shaving capacity, system safety, and power supply guarantee capacity under special weather scenarios.
Hydrogen energy has the advantages of clean and long-term energy storage, which can solve the instability and low energy density problems of renewable energy such as wind power and photovoltaics, and achieve a mid-to-long-term (seasonal) supply and demand balance of a high proportion of renewable energy. At present, hydrogen energy technology needs to be improved in terms of electricity-hydrogen conversion, hydrogen energy transmission and storage. With the advancement and cost reduction of electricity-hydrogen conversion technology, hydrogen energy is expected to play an important role in large-scale and long-term storage of new energy. .
Combining the characteristics of the new power system to coordinate and promote the development of energy storage
Combined development of centralized and distributed energy storage. The development of new energy presents a trend of both centralized and distributed, and the grid structure of the new power system will develop into a flexible interconnection form of "main grid + small and medium grid and micro grid". In response to this, the combined development of centralized and distributed energy storage should be promoted. Centralized energy storage includes pumped storage, large-capacity energy storage power stations, etc. Pumped storage is suitable for long-time grid peak shaving and power balance scenarios, and can be uniformly configured on the grid side; large-capacity energy storage power stations can be appropriately configured in centralized new energy power generation bases to realize the coordination and optimization of energy storage systems, new energy and power grids run. Distributed energy storage includes small-scale energy storage, electric vehicles, etc., which can promote the construction of distributed energy storage equipment in communities, buildings, and home application scenarios, realize mixed configuration, efficient management, and friendly grid connection of energy storage equipment, and promote new energy production. Consumption and utilization in the nearest place.
Electric energy storage is developed in combination with other types of energy storage. Flexible openness is a significant feature of the new power system, which will realize the open access of diversified sources and loads. In this context, the combined development of electric energy storage and various types of energy storage should be promoted. On the power generation side, vigorously promote the deployment of new energy storage in new energy stations, research and promote solar thermal power storage; on the grid side, accelerate the construction of pumped storage power stations, and promote the rational layout of new energy storage on the grid side; on the user side, promote new storage Energy diversification development, research on the combined development of electricity storage and heat storage, cold storage, hydrogen storage and other types of energy storage, to achieve the matching of multi-energy production and consumption with electric energy as the core under the goal of high-efficiency utilization of new energy.
Promote the coordinated operation of energy storage and new energy with digital technology. Digital technology is a key technology that supports the construction of a new power system. Relying on modern technologies such as cloud computing, mobile Internet, artificial intelligence, and advanced sensing and measurement, communication information, and control technology, it realizes efficient interaction between "source network, load and storage" and enhances the flexibility of new power systems. In this context, digital technologies such as the Internet of Things and blockchain can be used to aggregate massive adjustable resources such as user-side energy storage and electric vehicles to achieve coordinated operation of "new energy + energy storage" and "new energy + electric vehicles", and promote Large-scale grid integration and consumption of new energy.
